Issue 201: Reforms & Risks

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Top Stories of the Week

  1. State-Owned Enterprises Deliver, But Fund Seeks More from Underperformers

  2. Tempted by Informality: Taxes Rattle Small Businesses in Ethiopia

  3. Yango Ethiopia Introduces Rental System Promising Higher Returns for Car Owners

  4. Kenya Considers Splitting Safaricom into Mobile, Towers, and M-PESA Units

  5. Click, Apply, Scam: Fake Jobs Make Their Way to Ethiopian Digital Job Portals

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State-Owned Enterprises Deliver, But Fund Seeks More from Underperformers

Ethiopian Investment Holdings (EIH), the country’s sovereign wealth fund, concluded its annual performance review, reporting both strong gains and lingering challenges across its portfolio of state-owned enterprises.

Ethiopian Shipping & Logistics led the year, transporting 4.5 million tons of cargo, which drove revenues up by 90 percent and doubled pre-tax profits. Sugar production from Wonji Shoa, Metehara, and Fincha rose by 34.8 percent to 163,290 tons, nearly doubling revenues to 15.6 billion Birr, though EIH highlighted persistent underutilization of capacity.

Hospitality revenues from Ghion, Hilton, Guenet, and Spa Service enterprises reached 2.1 billion Birr, 14 percent above plan, with profits exceeding projections by one-third at 564.2 million Birr. Despite the gains, EIH urged the hotels to modernize their digital platforms and enhance service quality. Read more.

MoLS Introduces LeMengede App to Better Inform Labour Migrants

The Ministry of Labour and Skills has launched a new mobile application to provide Ethiopian labour migrants with essential information for safer and more informed migration throughout their journey to Gulf countries. Developed in collaboration with the ILO, the app offers multilingual guidance on workers’ rights, fair recruitment, safe migration practices, and includes an integrated SOS alert system for those in distress. Read more.

Tempted by Informality: Taxes Rattle Small Businesses in Ethiopia

Ethiopia’s drive to double tax revenues under the NMTRS is colliding with the fragile realities of MSMEs. Business owners are lamenting sudden hikes, non-deductible contributions, and inconsistent enforcement.

Some describe turning to questionable acts to avoid crippling assessments. Others are retreating into the grey economy, abandoning licenses and offices in favor of online-only businesses. Read more.

ECMA Releases Draft Directive on Collective Investment Schemes

The Ethiopian Capital Market Authority (ECMA) has issued a draft directive on Collective Investment Schemes (CIS), outlining rules for their registration, operation, and supervision. Read more.

Yango Ethiopia Introduces Rental System Promising Higher Returns for Car Owners

Yango Ethiopia has unveiled a rental system it says will give car owners more control and higher returns in the ride-hailing market. Instead of the fixed daily rental rates that dominate the market, the company promises transparency for car owners, real-time monitoring of trips, revenues, and driver performance. Read more. 

Ethiopian Innovator Transforms Prosopis Juliflora into Low-Cost Bricks

In Afar, an invasive shrub has swallowed over 1.1 million ha. Surafel Belay, a construction engineer, is flipping the narrative by transforming the invasive species into durable, low-cost bricks. Read more.

What’s on Our Mind

A few years ago, I set off on a cumbersome journey to obtain a document most people take for granted: a passport. I gathered my birth certificate, stood in long queues, and finally reached the counter, only to be met with a curt dismissal: “You’re not from here.”

The meaning was clear. My ID was not from Addis Ababa, so the capital’s service center would not serve me. By then, I had already lived in the city for two years. To circumvent the rule, I attempted to obtain an Addis Ababa resident ID, a process that required proof of employment and a movement certificate. It was a bureaucratic maze. Clerks claimed they had paused issuing IDs for newcomers. Later, they admitted they had simply lost my file.

Even after more than five years in Addis, I never secured a resident ID. The paperwork, the gaps in record-keeping, the discretionary power of clerks, all of it felt designed to remind you of your place. I eventually had to shuttle back and forth to get a passport.

Today, Ethiopia’s National ID program promises to change all that. When I registered and paid for my digital ID, I was told it would arrive in a week. In reality, it took a little over three. Still, three weeks is a fraction of the half-year ordeals of the past. With more than 22 million IDs already issued and a plan to reach 63 million by next year, the system feels like a revolution, an infrastructure for inclusion.

But inclusion comes with shadows. The National ID is being linked to banking, telecom, and public services. It is becoming the master key to economic life. And that raises an unsettling question: in a country where institutions have yet to prove they can safeguard data, what guarantees do citizens really have? Ethiopia may have ratified a data protection law, but laws are only as strong as the systems that enforce them.

So I wonder: when I hand over my biometric data, am I securing my right to belong or surrendering my privacy to a future I cannot control? Can institutions with a legacy of opacity and surveillance be trusted to protect our identities rather than exploit them?

Inclusion is noble, and efficiency is long overdue. But the harder question is whether, in chasing the convenience of identification, we are bargaining away something more fundamental: the right to remain unseen when it matters most.

Etenat Awol, Assignment Editor, Shega

Agriculture contributes nearly a third of Ethiopia’s GDP and more than two-thirds of its merchandise exports, yet the sector remains starved of finance. Irrigation, mechanization, and the use of improved seeds are still minimal, leaving most farmers operating just above subsistence, and food security is persistently fragile.

To confront this structural bottleneck, the central bank has unveiled the National Agri-Finance Implementation Roadmap (NAFIR). The plan targets an expansion of agricultural credit to 881 billion Birr by 2030, but its significance lies in more than the headline figure. It maps out the gaps that have long kept credit from reaching farmers, from collateral constraints to weak financial institutions.

Regulatory Delays Stall Distribution of Commercially Approved GM Maize in Ethiopia

Despite Ethiopia’s approval of insect-resistant, drought-tolerant TELA maize varieties earlier this year, distribution to farmers is facing unprecedented delays due to regulatory disagreements. Read more. 

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Kenya Considers Splitting Safaricom into Mobile, Towers, and M-PESA Units

The Kenyan government is considering breaking up Safaricom, the country’s largest publicly listed company, into three distinct units—mobile services, towers, and mobile money—in a move aimed at boosting efficiency and unlocking greater value.

Under the proposal, Safaricom’s telecoms division would concentrate on voice and data, the tower business would oversee infrastructure, and M-PESA would become an independent financial services company under the direct supervision of the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). Read more.

Ethiopia Attracts $4 Billion in FDI, EIC Says

The Ethiopian Investment Commission (EIC) has announced that Ethiopia secured $4 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI) during the 2024/25 fiscal year, reflecting a 2.2 percent increase compared to the previous year.

The Commission links the growth to ongoing macroeconomic reforms designed to foster a private sector–led, export-oriented economy.

Over the year, more than 525 new investment permits were issued across sectors, including manufacturing, ICT, agriculture, and trade. Ethiopia has also upgraded 14 industrial parks into Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Read more.

Railway Corp Steps Closer to Resuming Messy Awash-Hara Gebeya Project

The Ethiopian Railways Corporation (ERC) has finalized assessments in its bid to restart the construction of a decade-old rail line project connecting Awash with Mekelle through Hara Gebeya, according to the Ethiopian Investment Holdings (EIH).

The Corporation earned 710 million Birr from commercial activities last year, according to a report from EIH.

In its assessment, EIH recommended fiscal realignment, asset optimization, alternative revenue streams, and a stronger risk management framework to ensure the state railway operator’s financial sustainability. Read more.

Click, Apply, Scam: Fake Jobs Make Their Way to Ethiopian Digital Job Portals

Ethiopia’s youth unemployment, hovering at 27% in urban areas, has created fertile ground for scam digital jobs. The pattern is familiar: grand promises of high salaries for minimal hours and perks closer to lottery prizes than real benefits.

Fraudsters exploit hope, and even experienced job platforms struggle to keep up. For thousands of young graduates, desperation still outweighs caution.

The line between a legitimate job, a “ghost posting,” and outright fraud is becoming thinner than ever. Read more.

CBE Account Holders Rise to 43.1 Million as Deposits Surpass 1.67 Trillion Birr

The Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) reported that its customer base expanded to 43.1 million account holders, according to provisional performance data for the 2024/25 fiscal year. The bank added 3.39 million new accounts during the period. Deposits increased by 515.5 billion birr, lifting total deposits to more than 1.67 trillion birr. Read more.

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